Beijing, Agusta 21, 2025 -A cikin fagage masu tasowa cikin sauri kamar sadarwar 5G, intanet na tauraron dan adam, da milimita - radar kalaman, RF coaxial connectors sune mahimman abubuwan watsa sigina, kuma aikinsu yana tasiri kai tsaye ga kwanciyar hankalin tsarin gaba ɗaya. Tare da karuwar buƙatar aikace-aikacen mitoci masu yawa, injiniyoyi suna fuskantar ƙalubale masu tsanani. Kwanan nan, ƙwararrun masana'antu sun taƙaita nasihohi masu amfani guda biyar don taimakawa injiniyoyi inganta ƙirar haɗin, haɓaka ƙwarewar gwaji, da tsawaita rayuwar kayan aiki.
Tukwici na 1: Zaɓi Daidaitaccen Matching Impedance
Matsakaicin masu haɗin coaxial RF (yawanci 50Ω ko 75Ω) dole ne ya dace daidai da tsarin; in ba haka ba, tunanin sigina da asarar wutar lantarki zai haifar. "A cikin milimita{3}} mitar mitar kalaman (misali, sama da 28GHz), ko da karkatacciyar juzu'i na 0.1mm na iya haifar da babbar lalacewa a cikin SWR," in ji wani daraktan fasaha a masana'antar haɗin kai ta duniya. Injiniyoyin ya kamata su ba da fifiko ta amfani da daidaitattun ƙirar impedance da masana'anta suka bayar kuma su tabbatar da ainihin madaidaicin ta amfani da na'urar tantance hanyar sadarwa ta vector (VNA).
Tukwici na 2: Kula da tsaftacewa da kuma kula da haɗin sadarwa.
Fin masu haɗawa da kwasfansu suna da haɗari ga oxidation da tarkace na ƙarfe bayan maimaita sakawa da cirewa, yana haifar da haɓaka juriya na lamba. "Muna ba da shawarar yin amfani da barasa - swab ɗin auduga kyauta don tsaftace lambobin sadarwa da shigar da ƙura a cikin yanayi mara kyau," in ji injiniyan da ke cikin haɓaka samfuri na 6G. Don babban yanayin abin dogaro (kamar aikace-aikacen sararin samaniya), kaurin zinari ya kamata ya wuce 1μm don haɓaka juriya.
Tukwici 3: Haɓaka sarrafa jujjuyawar shigarwa.
Tsananin wuce gona da iri na iya rage rayuwar mai haɗawa. Bayanan masana'antu sun nuna cewa ƙarfin da aka ba da shawarar don masu haɗin SMA shine 0.7-1.0 N · m, yayin da 2.92mm daidaitattun masu haɗawa suna buƙatar daidaito na 0.35 N·m. "Amfani da matsi mai iyaka -iyakantaccen maƙarƙashiya na rage kuskuren ɗan adam, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman wajen samarwa da yawa," ya jaddada manajan R&D na ƙera kayan gwaji.
Tukwici 4: Haɓaka tasirin garkuwa a manyan mitoci.
A cikin mitar mitar kalaman milimita 5G, rashin isasshen tasirin garkuwar mai haɗawa zai iya haifar da al'amuran tsoma baki na lantarki (EMI). Sabbin hanyoyin magance su sun haɗa da garkuwa sau uku da ƙaramin{2}}dielectric{3}}kayan insulator na dindindin. "A cikin dakin binciken mu, mun gano cewa ƙara PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) padding zai iya inganta garkuwar garkuwa da fiye da 10dB," in ji wani shugaban ƙungiyar bincike na jami'a.
Tukwici 5: Saurin Shirya matsala
Lokacin da tsarin ya sami matsala ta sigina, injiniyoyi na iya amfani da hanya guda uku - don gano abubuwan haɗin haɗi:
1. Duban gani: Kula don lankwasa fil ko plating peeling;
2. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) gwaji: Gano abubuwan da aka dakatar;
3. Hanyar sauyawa: Sauya mai haɗin da ake zargi don tabbatar da batun.
Wani babban injiniyan RF ya ba da shawarar "Mafi yawan laifuffuka{0} akai-akai a farkon hanyoyin haɗin haɗin kai guda uku. Ba da fifikon waɗannan wuraren zai iya adana sama da kashi 50 na lokacin gyara matsala."
Trend Masana'antu: Miniaturization da babban mitar haɗuwa a layi daya
Yayin da girman fakitin guntu ke raguwa, buƙatun ultra{0}}ƙananan haši, ko da 1.0mm da 0.8mm, yana girma cikin sauri. A lokaci guda, jagorar waveguide -zuwa{5}} fasaha na juyawa coaxial mai goyan bayan mitoci sama da 110 GHz ya zama wurin bincike da ci gaba. Masana sun yi hasashen cewa masu haɗin kai masu fasaha tare da haɗaɗɗen ramuwar zafin jiki za su zama ruwan dare a hankali cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa.
Kammalawa
Inganta aikin masu haɗin haɗin gwiwar coaxial RF yana buƙatar haɗin kai mai zurfi na ka'idar da aiki. Ƙwararrun dabarun da ke sama ba kawai zai inganta ingantacciyar injiniya ba amma har ma zai kafa ƙwaƙƙwaran tushe don ababen more rayuwa na zamani{1} na gaba. Kamar yadda wani kwararre a masana'antu ya ce, "Bayani suna tabbatar da nasara ko gazawar manyan siginonin mitoci, kuma masu haɗin kai sune tushen waɗannan bayanan."
(Madogaran bayanai: Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kai ta Duniya (ICA), Ma'amaloli na IEEE akan Ka'idar Microwave da Dabaru)